How does source host know if a destination host is on the same IP network?

First, AND operation is performed by source host between source IP address, source subnet mask, and destination IP address, source subnet mask to know if the destination is present in same or different network. If the result is the same then the destination is in the same network otherwise in a different network.

How does the network layer know the destination IP?

Layer 2 (Ethernet layer) recognizes the MAC address using ARP protocol. It sends a question to the whole network asking: “Which MAC address has the IP x?”. That’s how it recognizes the destination MAC address.

How does the host find out the destination MAC address to put in the Ethernet header?

The host node has a routing table with IP addresses mapped to Ethernet addresses, known as ARP cache. If the ARP cache does not have the MAC address mapped to its corresponding IP address entry, an ARP request is generated by the host node to discover the MAC address corresponding to its IP address.

How does a router determine that a destination address of a packet it receives is for local host or remote host?

When a router receives a packet, the router checks its routing table to determine if the destination address is for a system on one of it’s attached networks or if the message must be forwarded through another router. It then sends the message to the next system in the path to the destination.

How the packets travel from the source IP address to the destination IP address within the network?

Starts here14:38Packet Traveling – How Packets Move Through a Network – YouTubeYouTube

How is the destination MAC address determined?

The process that a source host uses to determine the destination MAC address associated with an IPv4 address is known as Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). The process that a source host uses to determine the destination MAC address associated with an IPv6 address is known as Neighbor Discovery (ND).

What is source host and destination host?

For outbound traffic, the destination is the remote host. If the client communicates with a Web server and the traffic is inbound, then the source host is the Web server and the destination host is the client. If the traffic is outbound, the source host is the client and the destination host is the Web server.

How does the network layer work?

The network layer uses network addresses (typically Internet Protocol addresses) to route packets to a destination node. The data link layer establishes and terminates a connection between two physically-connected nodes on a network. It breaks up packets into frames and sends them from source to destination.

How do you identify a Unicast Multicast and broadcast MAC address?

Starts here3:30How to find out Unicast, Multicast and Broadcast address in MAC – YouTubeYouTube

When a host sends a packet How does it determine if the destination of the packet?

When a host sends a packet, it uses the subnet mask to compare the source IPv4 address and the destination IPv4 address. If the network bits match, both the source and destination host are on the same local network. Otherwise, the destination host is on a remote network.

How does an IP host know what router to send a packet to?

The IP address of the recipient, which is a part of the packet header, determines how the packet is routed. If this address includes the network number of the local network, the packet goes directly to the host with that IP address.

How does a packet travels from source to destination?

To transfer a packet from source to destination, both the MAC address and IP address of the destination should be known. If the destination MAC address is not present then ARP will resolve this issue first then the packet will be delivered to a destination host.